What is total hip replacement surgery?

Total hip replacement surgery, or total hip arthroplasty, involves removing the damaged portions of the hip joint and replacing them with artificial components (a prosthesis). Since the hip is a ball-and-socket joint, the procedure focuses on restoring both parts. First, the damaged socket (acetabulum) in the pelvic bone is cleaned out and replaced with a metal cup lined with plastic or ceramic to allow smooth movement. Next, the damaged ball (femoral head) at the top of the thigh bone is removed, and a metal stem is inserted into the femur. A new ball, made of metal or ceramic, is attached to the stem. Together, these components create a stable, pain-free joint that moves smoothly like a healthy hip.